When requests to Step Function fail, Workflow Service performs exponential backoff retries to notify Step Function service. Number of retries = 3 The total duration of all attempts doesn't exceed 10 seconds, the processing must not exceed the message visibility timeout.

public class ExponentialRetry {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int maxAttempts = 3;
        int delay = 1000;
        int maxDelay = 5000;
        int backoff = 2;
        int retries = 0;

        while(retries++ < maxAttempts) {
            try {
                // call aws step functions
            } catch(Exception ex) {
                // backoff exponential with jitter
                delay = getExponentialWithJitterDelay(delay, maxDelay, backoff);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(delay);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // do nothing
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static int getExponentialWithJitterDelay(int delay, int maxDelay, int backoff) {
        if (delay > maxDelay) {
            return maxDelay;
        }

        Random r = new Random();
        double rand = (1 + r.nextDouble()) / 2;
        return (int) (rand * delay * backoff);